Agenda
Monday Oct 17th
Diagnostics, Maintenance and Replacement Strategies Applied to Insulators & Cable Systems
The term ‘Smart’ is related to the fourth industrial revolution, dubbed Industry 4.0. Reliability 4.0 concerns ‘smart’ production or systems that incorporate four key themes: interconnection, information transparency, technical assistance (e.g.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Taking Live Line Tool Design to Another Level
Traditional live line systems and tools are constructed using fiberglass-reinforced plastics coated with epoxy. However, these devices can ‘wet out’ and are for fair weather conditions only. Such tools also cannot normally be left on energized equipment for long periods or used during rain or other humid conditions.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Silicone Coating of Insulators: Latest Technical Knowledge Based on Field Performance & Laboratory Testing
Substituting polymer insulators with a hydrophobic surface over glass has substantially impacted selection of insulators for polluted environments as well as for certain HVDC applications. Today many suppliers offer glass or porcelain insulators with coatings applied either in the factory or on site.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Composite Insulators with Optical Fibres for Applications in HV
Fiber optics used for signal transmission between high voltage and ground potential must be protected against the environment with necessary creepage to avoid ageing and flashover. Protection by integration into an insulator depends on equipment and composite insulators with integrated fibers have so far tended to be individually developed.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Coatings for Power Network Equipment: Overview of Recent CIGRE Activities
This presentation provides an overview of CIGRE activities in the area of practical and durable coatings as well as surface engineering techniques to increase the reliability of overhead power grid equipment under various environmental conditions.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Application of Polymer Insulators for Varying Natural Environments in Japan
Japan is exposed to a broad range of different service conditions from snow, to wind, to maritime pollution, to seismic events, to volcanic activity. Given this, local power companies have been active in R&D to deal with these threats and succeeded in establishing a system with very high reliability.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Advancements in Braced Line Post Testing
The advantages of braced line post assemblies has led to a rise in their use as an option in transmission line design and these assemblies are also seeing application at increasingly higher voltages and mechanical ratings.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Characterizing Polymer Surfaces to Optimize Insulator Performance & Characteristics
Though only 5 to 8% of a line’s capital cost, insulators are typically associated with 50% to 70% of line maintenance costs and outages. A more reliable and durable insulator will reduce utility costs and two main challenges have been identified in this regard: chemical resistance to de-icing agents and resistance to biological growths.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Selecting Proper Corona Protection Using E-Field Modeling
E-field modeling of insulator and hardware has become a valuable tool to determine proper corona protection for a transmission assembly before submitting for laboratory testing or field installation and energization.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Operating an Independent Accredited Laboratory in a Large Manufacturing Organization
ISO/IEC 17025 specifies requirements for the competence, impartiality and consistent operation of test laboratories, regardless of size and ownership, and was developed to promote confidence in their operation. It also contains requirements that enable labs to demonstrate they operate competently and are able to generate valid results.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Enhancing Performance of Filament Cage Metal Oxide Surge Arresters: MV & HV Applications
The Uc of a metal oxide arrester is one of the most important design criteria since good protection can only be achieved if the arrester is not electrically, thermally or mechanically overloaded.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Ceramic Insulators Under Elevated Temperatures
Ceramic insulators can be subject to extreme temperatures linked to wildfires while lightning strikes and flashovers cause power arcs up to 19,000°C. Operating conditions also play a role since conductors can reach elevated temperatures during line over currents.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
High Performance Silicones for Transmission & Distribution Applications
Silicones have become the preferred solution for most insulation applications in the transmission and distribution sector thanks to their molecular structure and properties. Silicone composite insulators, even when covered with pollution,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Dimensioning of DC Porcelain & Composite Cable Terminations: Experience in Europe
Site Pollution Severity at substations is often not fully clarified and dimensioning and placement of components such as cable terminations become the responsibility of their supplier. But such an approach can sometimes results in outdoor terminations having to be placed indoors.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Designing & Testing Solid-Core Bushings for Pollution & Long Service Life
Bushings play a major influence in reliability of transformers and require good thermal dissipation behavior, reliable internal and external electrical insulation and adequate mechanical strength. The main technologies for internal insulation are oil-impregnated paper (OIP),... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Insulation & Its Role in Line Optimization Studies
Transmission line projects face different challenges than in the past. Greater emphasis on environmental impact, aesthetically pleasing designs, public acceptance, lowering costs and minimizing right-of-way widths all must be considered while still maintaining a safe,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Tuesday Oct 18th
Application of Composite Insulators: Perceptions vs. Service Experience
European TSOs and DSOs started a collaborative research project to benchmark actual service experience with composite insulators. The project included collecting service experience as well as comprehensive testing of insulators removed both from storage depots and also from service –... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Understanding & Mitigating Corona on Polymer Insulators
One of the factors affecting performance of network assets is electric field that can impact service life of transmission hardware and insulator assemblies, particularly polymeric types. Increased use of this technology means it is crucial to evaluate design and materials to mitigate any potentially damaging effects due to corona.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Application of Composite Apparatus Insulators at Substations: Policy, Driving Forces & Service Experience
While pollution levels in Sweden are relatively low, composite hollow core insulators are used for all circuit breakers and instrument transformers due to safety concerns. Although experience has been good,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Application of Polymer Insulators as Countermeasure for Volcanic Ash
Among the factors that can lead to degradation of insulation is deposition of volcanic ash. Since Japan has many active volcanoes that generate highly conductive ash, there is concern about the possibility of large-scale outages.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Influence of Variation in Rain Parameters on Flashover Voltage of Insulators
A recent past Round Robin Test performed on a 400 kV insulator set showed a large spread in findings among the four participating laboratories, with maximum relative differences observed in tests under wet conditions.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Impact of Biological Growths on Application of Composite Insulators: Experience Under European Conditions
The TSO in Finland has been using composite insulators at substations and on transmission lines for 20 years without serious issues. But in recent years biological growths have begun to be observed on some of these insulators.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Application of Leakage Current Monitoring in Design of HVDC Insulation
As part of past uprating of its HVDC link and reinsulating the line for 350 kV, Transpower initiated a program to collect pollution data at various points. ESDD was measured on energized insulators and pollution flashovers tests carried out to establish relative performance of different insulator types.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Simulation of Electric Field: What & What Not to Expect
Numerical simulations are required for composite insulators to ascertain electric field on the grading ring and end fittings, on the housing surface and at the triple point where air and housing meet end fitting.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Procedures & Challenges of Dimensioning DC insulators
Germany’s goal of increasing energy from renewable sources will require expansion of the grid in spite of public opposition to new lines. Use of DC links has therefore been proposed and,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Framing With Composite Insulators
Framing for overhead transmission lines has conventionally relied on designs based on pole-top cross-arms or davit arms. More recently, however, composite line post insulators, which are more flexible and handle dynamic mechanical loads better than porcelain,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Concept for Determination of ‘Health index’ for Composite Longrod Insulators Based on Laboratory Testing
HTV silicone is the preferred material for composite insulators used on overhead lines due to its hydrophobicity, hydrophobicity recovery and hydrophobicity transfer. While these properties have been verified in standardized test procedures,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Interphase Spacer Applications
Conductors are flexible structures with almost no self-damping and are therefore susceptible to aeroelastic instabilities. For example, wind passing over an overhead power line with either single or bundled conductors can cause Aeolian vibration or galloping.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Porcelain Long Rod versus Cap & Pin Insulators: Impact on Overhead Line Design
A study was completed with the goal of improving performance of a segment of existing 400 kV OHL using new cap & pin insulator strings and new long rod strings given worsened service conditions than in the original design.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
RTV Coatings on Ceramic Insulators: Latest Developments and R&D Needs
The past decades have seen development of a variety of surface engineering techniques and advanced coatings with hydrophobic, self-cleaning, icephobic and anti-corrosion properties. These advances benefit the power industry by reducing risk of insulator flashover due to pollution and icing,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Insulation Design & Inspection Experience at ESB (Irish TAO): Lessons Learned
Electrical utilities these days are adopting asset management approaches to achieve a safe, secure, reliable and resilient network for their customers. Such approaches require examining the life-cycle implications of different components on the network.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Operational Experience with Composite Insulators at HVDC Substations
After 40 years of operating experience, composite insulators for HVDC applications are now recognized as a mature alternative to porcelain, with low flashover rates and no significant ageing or deterioration observed.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Quality of Sheath-to-Rod Bonding in Polymeric Insulators to Assure Satisfactory Long-Term Performance
Polymeric insulators have now achieved technical maturity due to service experience across all voltage classes and applications as well as continuous development and updating of applicable standards. But this positive trend has been accompanied by calls for greater precision in standards due to some negative observations in regard to failures originating at the longitudinal interface between rod and housing.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Projects for Insulation of High Voltage Power Lines
These days, insulator manufacturers are increasingly being called upon to develop, manufacture and test new overhead line concepts, based on specific user requirements. Often, the special requirements relate to either a challenging service environment or to the need for a compact design solution either to help reduce costs or to facilitate approvals for a new line project.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Aeolian Noise from Polymer Insulators & Appropriate Countermeasures
Aeolian noise from porcelain cap & pin insulators has been well studied in Japan and suitable countermeasures implemented. But since a major earthquake in 2011, V-string polymeric jumper supports have come to be used to resolve breakage of porcelain long rod insulators due to seismic forces.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Application & Field Experience with Metal Oxide Surge Arresters
Metal oxide surge arresters have become revolutionized in terms of application and expected performance in areas of higher stress levels. This has resulted in confidence in their reliability and offered new possibilities for overvoltage protection and improved management of power system disturbances.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Opportunity for Total Cost Optimization of Energy Systems Using Metal Oxide Surge Arresters
Application of metal oxide arresters is essential for surge protection and safe operation of power systems. This presentation will outline how targeted use of these devices and taking insulation coordination into account can permit lower insulation levels than usual on individual components.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Smart & Effective Monitoring of Surge Arresters: Utility Experience & Feedback
Monitoring leakage current has become standard practice to assess the condition of gapless metal oxide surge arresters and today’s monitoring devices are able to provide highly accurate readings. However, users often still lack specific knowledge in regard to how best to assess arrester condition based on whatever leakage current behavior is observed.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Surge Arrester Stresses due to Harmonic Resonance Temporary Overvoltages in Transmission Systems: Case Study of Dutch Grid
HVAC cable systems of significant length are being introduced into grids along with longer cable circuits due to connection with offshore wind generation. The higher capacitance of a cable leads to changes in harmonic impedance profile of the system close to the points of connection and new resonances can be created at low frequencies that can shift close to or at a low harmonic.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Static Analysis of Transmission Line Outages Due to Lightning Discharges
Lightning discharges can cause significant damage to HV transmission lines, resulting in temporary disconnection, shutdown or re-closures in the case of direct strikes or in temporary disturbances due to nearby strikes.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Optimizing Application of MV Surge Arresters in Resistor-Capacitor (RC) Snubbers: How to Simulate, Select & Apply
If distributed generation sites require reactive power and voltage stability, shunt reactors are a cost effective solution. However, their switching can introduce voltage disturbances at the connection point due to high magnitude inrush currents.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Site Measurement & Analysis for Improving Lightning Performance of 500 kV Transmission Line
Lightning is the major source of power outages in Malaysia, contributing to 70% of system trippings. Soil characteristics and earthing arrangement play a key role in achieving low tower footing resistance,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Mechanical Considerations & Service Life of Non-Gapped Line Arresters
NGLAs have been used for decades to increase reliability and availability of transmission lines. Nevertheless, many grid operators remain skeptical about their use based on either too little or past negative service experience.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Lightning Safety on HV Grid Components
Knowledge of the characteristics of lightning flashes, such as stepped leader and return stroke, as well as of the electromagnetic fields generated allows estimating voltages and currents induced in power system structures.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
765 kV Externally Gapped Line Surge Arrester (EGLA): Steps in Design, Testing & Integration
Externally gapped line arresters have already been applied for years for lightning protection of overhead lines up to 550 kV maximum system voltage. This presentation describes development, design and installation of the first EGLA for UHV systems with maximum voltage of 800 kV (i.e.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Concrete Grounding Systems Solutions Based on Electric Field & Potential
A grounding system plays an important role in ensuring that every appliance or building in its vicinity is not exposed to critical shocks due to lightning or fault and it is important to always design the best grounding system to enhance performance.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Surge Arrester Considerations in Utility Scale Photovoltaic Systems
Development of photovoltaic generation systems ranging from 2 MW to 30 MW has increased significantly. Design of such larger PV systems that interconnect to medium voltage distribution lines can include a variety of strategies for surge arrester placement.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Externally-Gapped Line Arrester Technology: Background, Development & Future Directions
ZnO technology was introduced in Japan in the late 1970s for substations but adapted quickly to overhead lines with both gapless (NGLA) and gapped (EGLA) types. The latter soon became dominant for technical reasons that made it preferred for overhead line applications.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Evaluating Lightning Performance of Overhead Lines & Methods for Reducing Trip Rate
High Ground Flash Density in certain regions can adversely impact performance of transmission lines and lightning studies must therefore be conducted regularly to ensure the system is at best performance and giving continuous supply to users.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Cable Testing: State of the Art, Standards & Technological Developments
One of the challenges in cable system testing is finding the proper balance between effectiveness and eliminating risk of damage. Testing at the production location as already well understood, controlled and standardized and users look for similar quality control for accessories and systems after installation and assembly.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Developments in Test Methods & Acceptance Criteria for On/Offshore Power Cables
Problems with accessories and/or installation can influence the quality of a newly installed power cable circuit. While manufacturer standards recommends on ‘Go/No-Go’ decision based on simple overvoltage tests, even in a no-breakdown situation presence of defects cannot be excluded,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Testing Extruded Cable Systems Up to 525 kV DC: Laboratory Experience & Latest Requests From The Market
Demand is growing for HVDC cable systems to carry high power over long distance, allow greater grid flexibility and help connect renewable energy sources to urban demand. As a result,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Condition Assessment of Long Length Medium Voltage Underground Cable Using Dual Side Offline Partial Discharge Measurement
Electricity is distributed to end customers in Malaysia through TNB’s Distribution Network Division, whose backbone is a MV underground cable network. With increasing level of economic activity, it is crucial to ensure this network is reliable and one of the initiatives in this regard has been introducing Damped AC Dual Side Offline Partial Discharge as one of the condition-based maintenance tools.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Quality Assurance & Quality Control of HVDC Cable Systems
There has been a significant increase in the volume of yearly HVDC cable projects. At the same time, performance characteristics of these systems, such as voltage, power, temperature, cable length and grid criticality have also increased.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Practical Application of Neural Networks in Measuring Partial Discharges in MV Power Cables
Partial discharge diagnostics has become a fundamental process at modern electricity supply utilities. Moreover, research into the physics of PDs has enabled development of monitoring systems with high resolution and reliability to the point that spot testing and online diagnostic efforts generally yield favourable results.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Optimization & Insights with Online MV Cable Monitoring in Practical Applications
Preventing failures from defective or ageing MV power cable assets relies on measurement practices of which insulation loss (tan-delta) and Partial Discharge (PD) detection are the two main techniques. PD measurement offers the important benefit that it can pinpoint local defects and assess cable integrity.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
System vs. Component Approach for Qualification of HV Cables & Accessories
Asset managers and system operators as well as cable and accessory manufacturers look for economic and technical solutions to specify, provide, operate and maintain underground cable systems. There are number of challenges,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Overview of CIRED WG 2017 ‘Test Recommendations for Ground Screen Power Cable Connections’
In recent years, a large number of failures of cable accessories have been caused by poor installation or inferior design of cable screen connections. This can result in local overheating due to high contact resistance and finally to insulation breakdown.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Lessons from Two Decades Experience Commissioning Testing HV Power Cables
Standards determine testing to validate ratings of a cable and compliance with operating conditions based on network parameters. The need for accessories to lay extended lengths of cables and connect them to the grid is another key factor to guarantee reliability.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Partial Discharge Measurements Related to 525 kV HVDC Corridor Projects in Germany
For the first time ever, long land-based transmission links are being implemented with HVDC extruded cable systems at a nominal voltage of ±525 kV. The German Corridor Project cable systems will consist of HVDC extruded cables,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Testing & Certification Procedures for MV Premoulded Aerial Bundled Cable Straight Through Joints
The overhead MV distribution system at Malaysian TSO, Tenaga Nasional Berhad, consists of a bare line system (4500 circuit km) as well as an aerial bundled cable system (32,000 circuit km).... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Testing High Voltage Cable Without Ageing the Cable Itself
It has become possible to determine the status of a cable circuit after laying using diagnostic methods that allow emerging defects or assembly errors to be localized and repaired, without overstressing the cable circuit.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Increasing Confidence in MV Cable Testing & Diagnostics
Cable diagnostics based on very low frequency tan delta and partial discharge measurements requires defining clear application procedures covering new installations, maintenance testing after repairs as well as regular inspection.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
On-Site Partial Discharge Measurement Using Rogowski Coil for Insulation Condition in MV Power Cables
On-site partial discharge tools allow early detection before a breakdown occurs in any major part of a distribution system. The two key elements in any on-line partial discharge measurement scheme are the measuring system and the sensors themselves since using the right sensor can significantly enhance PD detection.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Application Strategies for Offline Measurement of PD in Power Cables
Offline PD testing is the core diagnostic for condition assessment of power cables, with a broad range of equipment vendors and service providers. Since such testing differs in test source and sensor deployment,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Testing World’s Longest Subsea 150 kV AC Cable Interconnection
The world’s longest triplex undersea bidirectional AC cable interconnection has been operating since 2020, connecting the 150 kV power systems of northeast Crete and southwest Peloponnese in Greece. This is a 2X200 MVA 135 km system,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Trends & Lessons from Laboratory Testing of Power Cables
Analysis of all type tests performed at KEMA Labs over decades shows that 1 out of 4 type tests initially fails to meet the requirements specified in the standards. Moreover,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Offline Commissioning & Maintenance Testing of HV & EHV Cable Systems
Offline commissioning testing of HV & EHV cable systems, according to IEC 60840 and 62067 and using Near Power Frequency Resonant Test Sets has been common since the mid 1990s.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Wednesday Oct 19th
Status of Pollution Test Procedures for Insulators Made from Hydrophobicity Transfer Materials
While pollution tests are specified in the standards for ceramic insulators for AC and DC applications, insulators made with hydrophobicity transfer materials are not in the scope of these standards.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Estimating Insulator Contamination from Site Meteorological Parameters
Quantifying contamination is paramount for correct insulation coordination but is difficult since it depends on insulator type and the environment where it is installed. Insulator shape, material and orientation all play a role in pollution deposition as well as impact of natural cleaning by rain and wind.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Composite Insulator Performance in Aggressive Service Environments: Comparison vs. Coated Glass Insulators
Coastal Peru is characterized by high salt pollution, high humidity and scarce rainfall and it is critical to find the most effective and reliable insulation to allow power system reliability and security.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Influence of Different Pollution Sources on Performance of Insulation: Back to Basics
Assessing pollution level must be done whenever a new grid is defined or operating voltage is modified. Choice and dimensioning of insulation is closely linked to contamination exposure of equipment while criticality of surface pollution depends on both its quantity and its nature.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Using Environmental Parameters to Create Pollution Maps for Power Utilities: Experience in Brazil
Power networks can traverse large areas and be subject to varying types of pollution whose intensity is a key dimensioning parameter for insulators. Pollution severity of a region can be obtained from on-site measurements,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
AC & DC Pollution Testing Methods: Accuracy & Limitations
Pollution performance of insulator strings is key in design of towers for overhead lines and even more pressing with silicone hydrophobic surfaces whose properties respond differently to various service conditions.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Impact of Insulator Pollution on Resilience of Power Networks: Experience in Italy
Pollution is a major threat to reliability of power systems and in Italy, for example, accounts for a high proportion of annual Energy Not Supplied. Related risk should ideally be considered in terms of power system resilience,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Practical Application of Pollution Standards: Issues & Questions
Insulators must withstand normal operating voltage but also overvoltages that can lead to disturbances, flashovers and line outages. Reduction in performance occurs mainly through pollution depositing on insulation surfaces that forms a conducting or partially conducting layer when wetted.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Pollution Design & On-Site Monitoring of Insulators for AIS Disconnectors
Porcelain insulators are still the main type used in AC substation disconnectors and their correct dimensioning is a fundamental challenge. Real-time monitoring allows verifying any anomalous conditions as well as optimizing preventative maintenance by performing remedial measures such as washing only when necessary.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Development of IEC-Based Methodology for Site Severity Assessment
Utilities must evaluate design pollution severity for new overhead lines and substations as well as during uprating and refurbishment projects. This is mandatory not only when pollution performance is the dominant dimensioning factor but also for less polluted environments to optimize insulation selection.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Selecting Optimal Outdoor Insulation Under Heavily Polluted Conditions
The EHV transmission network in Pakistan faces exceptionally harsh service conditions and frequent pollution flashovers. In addition, due a long coastline and heavy industry, there is severe onset of corrosion affecting both towers and galvanized cap &... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Utility Perspective on Outdoor Insulator Selection for Polluted Environments
Selecting porcelain/glass insulators for three-phase AC systems up to 525 kV phase-to-phase using IEC/TR 60815 has been based on service experience and laboratory tests under polluted conditions. But many utilities have simply standardized on one or more of the values of minimum Specific Creepage Distance for Light,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Naturally Polluted Insulator Test Stations: Complement or Alternative to Standardized Artificial Ageing Testing
IEC TCs have been working to update standards relating to test procedures for insulators under very harsh desert, industrial and marine conditions, particularly Artificial Pollution Tests for ceramic insulators and Ageing Tests for composite insulators.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Dimensioning Silicone-Coated Glass Insulators for Polluted Environments
Application of RTV silicone coatings to glass insulators has grown as utilities look to keep the properties of toughened glass such as mechanical reliability and ease of inspection while enhancing pollution performance.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Impact of Climate Change on Overhead Transmission Lines
Extreme weather significantly impacts power systems and is one of the main causes of wide-area disturbances due to damaged T&D infrastructure, as evidenced by the recent increase in weather-related blackouts as well as grid breakdowns.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Pollution Design & Testing: Unresolved Issues
Assessing pollution severity has been the subject of many past CIGRE studies but recently has received less attention with the disbanding of Study Committee 33 ‘Insulation Coordination’. Revision of the latest IEC Technical Specification 60815 is now underway given realization that certain aspects of insulation design for polluted service environments are still not sufficiently clarified.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Quality Evaluation of MV/HV Network Components: Experience with Failures & Lessons Learned
It has become important for asset owners/service providers to assess their network equipment and components to ensure reliable performance over the course of their expected service life. In this regard,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Designing & Manufacturing Quality Insulators: Not All Polymers Are the Same (Part 1)
Not all polymer insulators are the same. In fact, there are numerous design and manufacturing variations on how these insulators can be made. This presentation (Parts 1 of 2) will cover the basic composition of a polymer insulator and review the components and various production processes used to assemble the components into a finished product.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Insulation Characteristics of GFRP Crossarm Subjected to Lightning Impulse Testing
Worldwide application of glass fibre-reinforced plastic composite crossarms requires further understanding and improvement in this material, which is exposed to local climate and pollution. Attention has focused on lightning and impact of resulting transient overvoltages.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Documentation & Technical Evaluation for Product Certification of MV/HV Network Components
The Product Certification (PC) Scheme is a series of thorough evaluations of products to be supplied to Malaysian TSO/DSO Tenaga Nasional Berhad to ensure conformance to specifications and standards. The “Certificate of Product Acceptance” is issued to Critical Products used by the utility’s Distribution Network Division and these include primary and/or secondary products where failure can have an impact on customers,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Quality Assurance for Renewable Energy Projects
Ensuring quality and efficient execution of renewable energy projects while complying with all standards and regulations requires a systematic quality assurance process that differs from conventional power projects. This is due to the intermittent nature of RE,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Designing & Manufacturing Quality Insulators: Not All Polymers Are the Same (Part 2)
Not all polymer insulators are the same. Part 2 of this presentation will explain the process needed to properly evaluate and approve different polymer insulator designs. It will also provide insight into how best to evaluate and qualify a supplier,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Ageing & Pollution Tests: Tools for Design & Systematic Evaluation
While application of composite insulators on lines and at substations is increasing steadily, a key concern is possible ageing that can impact long-term performance and service life. Many artificial and natural ageing tests and procedures have been proposed to help predict performance.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
RIP Bushing Service Experience & Replacement Strategy at TNB
Failure statistics show that bushings are a main contributor to transformer failure and can have a potentially catastrophic impact on system reliability and safety. Despite industry efforts to proactively implement more condition-based maintenance to detect impending failures,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Maintenance Strategy to Increase Power Transformer Reliability: Experience in Indonesia
The Java-Madura-Bali region of the Indonesian transmission grid includes about 1,299 power transformers or the equivalent of 109,347 MVA with variations in voltage level. To effectively implement predictive maintenance for these assets,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Internal Arc Test of MV Switchgear
The international market for medium voltage switchgear (both AIS & GIS) for primary & secondary electrical distribution places high requirements with respect to reliability of operation and safety. In spite of continuing optimization of such switchgear and control gear,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Developing Global Consensus: IEEE Standard 1820, Guide on Selection of T&D Insulators
Special considerations can affect application of insulators, surge arresters, bushings and live-line tools under ‘cold weather conditions’, i.e. < 0°C, when contamination can accumulate for months. Moreover ice, rime and snow can accrete on insulators and bridge their normal leakage distance. Frost can stabilize pollution during melting, acting as a heavy non-soluble deposit. This presentation describes consolidated worldwide failure experience during cold weather. Suitable testing procedures are identified and a review provided of guidance offered in IEEE Standard 1820TM, “Guide on the Selection of Transmission and Distribution Insulators with Respect to Cold Weather Conditions”. ... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Reviewing 25 Years of Improvement in Non-Ceramic Materials & Corresponding Process Technologies for Line & Substation Insulation: Past Challenges, Present Solutions & Future Requirements
Different families of polymeric housing materials have been utilized over the decades in development of modern composite insulator technology. This applies as well to the core rods, which have consisted of different types of resin axially reinforced by glass fibre.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Optimizing Silicone Rubber-Based Housing Materials for HV Composite Insulators in Outdoor Applications
The trend toward tailor-made composite insulator solutions is pushing further development of their housing materials and designs. This is triggered by strategic moves such as UHV, expansion of HVDC, new requirements in utility specifications and compact lines.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Evaluation of Hydrophobicity Transfer & Retention: State-of-the-Art & Future Outlook
Functionality and service life of composite insulators depends largely on surface and/or interface ageing of the polymeric housing. Hydrophobicity and sealing of the rod by the silicone material must be guaranteed over the insulator’s entire life cycle since,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Opportunities to Further Develop Porcelain Insulator Technology in Terms of Performance, Cost & Profitability
The different properties of porcelain, composite and glass materials have caused each technology to have specific market niches related to type of application, service environment and boundary conditions. Porcelain still dominates the HV insulator marketplace in general but this position is being increasingly challenged.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Impact of Residual Quartz on Lifetime of High Strength Porcelain
Studies have defined four key ageing mechanisms that can affect the service life of C-120 and C-130 high strength alumina porcelain insulators: a) expansion of cement, b) corrosion of metal parts,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Overview of Contemporary Reinforced Silicones: Liquid, Solid & Resin-Like Molding Materials
Silicone elastomers have become widely known in the T&D sector and have come to represent the majority of the housings used for all types of composite insulators, polymeric-housed arresters as well as other MV and HV devices and equipment.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Making Production of Composite Insulation Products Intelligent, Simple & Energy-Saving
Continuous improvements to the intelligence and simplicity of rubber moulding machinery will need to be realized in order to meet ‘Industry 4.0 Development’ in the context of current market demand as well as recruitment challenges,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Molecular Characterization of Polymeric Surfaces
Among the important properties of silicone is hydrophobicity but one of the challenges associated with contact angle measurement is that it a macroscopic quantity and does not provide molecular insight into the material property.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Special Solutions for Efficient Production of Quality Insulators & Cable Accessories Made from Elastomers
The combination of mechanical engineering, mould-making expertise, automation technology and knowledge of rubber and silicone processing are all key factors in manufacturing high quality electrical components with low reject rates.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Development & Testing New Insulating Compound for HV Dry Cable Accessories & Other Apparatus
Conventional outdoor cable terminations use oil as insulation medium and replacing this with a dry type material has long been a goal of cable accessory manufacturers. Dry type cable accessories offer advantages for both environmental and safety reasons.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Optimized Processing of High Viscosity Liquid Silicone Rubbers for Large Electrical Components
Components used for MV and HV applications are exposed to high electrical loads and their insulation materials must be free of defects such as voids or air bubbles. However, liquid silicone rubbers are sometimes processed without vacuum pre-treatment to de-gas the basic components.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Development & Testing of Silicone Rubber Filled Synthetic Wollastonite Dielectric Composite for HV Applications
Silicone rubber has become widely used in outdoor insulation due to intrinsic properties of flexibility, hydrophobicity, chemical, thermal and UV resistance, etc. but has the limitation of lower stiffness. Relative performance of different SiR-based composites is influenced by dispersion of added filler while type of filler,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Innovative Processing Methods & Technologies for Liquid Silicone Rubber
Silicone insulation materials for MV & HV electrical components face high loads in operation and must be free of defects. Air inclusions, voids, flow lines, impurities and cracks are all deficiencies that can lead to failures due to partial discharge and mean potentially high reject rates during manufacture.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Full-Scale Comparative Testing of Helical & Concentric Shed Profiles
Polymeric insulators used on HV bushings are available in different variants, either molded in sections with concentric shed profile or extruded in a helical-shaped continuous process. The silicone rubber material can either be LSR or HTV,... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
Textured Polymeric Insulators for Application at 400 kV: Overview & Progress in Development
Polymeric insulators are subject to aggressive service conditions such as pollution, temperature variations, corona and partial discharges, dry-band arcs and UV. Usually, leakage current on a polluted polymeric insulator has highest density in the shank sections and joule heating is also highest in these regions leading to risk of dry-band formation and damage from surface discharges.... » READ LECTURE SYNOPSIS
